Cardiologists Education, Research and Training
First, an aspiring cardiologist must have a bachelor's degree in order to get into medical school. The most logical pre-med bachelor degrees include courses in chemistry, mathematics, engineering or psychology. Then one must gain a passing score on the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test).
The four years in medical school covers standard medical terminology, medical judgment and clinical standard procedures. Potential cardiologists who complete the ten years of educational preparation must then pass a certification exam administered by the American Board of Internal Medicine.
After medical school, students attend six to eight more years of general internal medicine training and specialized cardiology training through a residency. The course topics covered in a cardiology training program include catheterization, patient prep, vascular access, hemodynamic studies, coronary anatomy, coronary angiography, radiographic imaging, fluoroscopy, congenital heart disease and circulatory support.
The length and type of schooling varies depending on which field of cardiology students enter; for example, students pursuing a pediatric cardiologist career must first focus on pediatric training, followed by three or more years in cardiology training. On the other hand, cardiac surgeons take about five years of training in general surgery before they begin what is called a 'cardio-thoracic' program. At least a decade of college, medical school and residency training is required to become a cardiologist. Jobs for physicians and surgeons of all types are expected by grow by 14% from 2014 to 2024, and the median pay for cardiologists is in excess of $240,000.
- Cardiovascular clinical trials & case reports
- Emergency medicine of epidemiology
- Prevalence and management epidemiology
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- Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases - Euro Cardiology 2025 (Germany)
- Pediatric Hypertension - Hypertension 2025 (Italy)
- Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI) and Surgery - GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2025 (France)
- Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Peripheral Artery Disease and Vascular Health - Molecular Cardiology 2025 (France)
- Personalized Antiplatelet Therapy Strategies - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Personalized Medicine in Cardiovascular Treatment - World Heart Congress 2025 (UAE)
- Personalized Medicine in Heart Failure and Angina - Congestive Heart Failure-2025 (Switzerland)
- Pharmacogenomics and Hypertension - Hypertension Congress-2025 (France)
- Pharmacogenomics in Antithrombotic Therapy - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Pharmacogenomics in Heart Failure and Angina - Congestive Heart Failure-2025 (Switzerland)
- Pharmacological Management of Heart Failure and Angina - Congestive Heart Failure-2025 (Switzerland)
- Pregnancy-Related Heart Conditions - WORLD CARDIOLOGY 2025 (Italy)
- Preventive Cardiology - CARDIAC SURGERY 2025 (Austria)
- Preventive Cardiology & Rehabilitation - Heart 2025 (Japan)
- Preventive Cardiology and Lifestyle Medicine - World Heart 2025 (Canada)
- Preventive Cardiology and Risk Management - Euro Cardiology 2025 (Germany)
- Public Health and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention - Molecular Cardiology 2025 (France)
- Public Health Policies and Hypertension - Hypertension Congress-2025 (France)
- Pulmonary Hypertension - Hypertension 2025 (Italy)
- Quality Improvement and Patient-Centered Care - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Quality of Life and Patient-Centered Care in Heart Failure and Angina - Congestive Heart Failure-2025 (Switzerland)
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Disease - World Heart Congress 2025 (UAE)
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiology - Heart 2025 (Japan)
- Rehabilitation and Quality of Life - Euro Cardiology 2025 (Germany)
- Role of Imaging in Heart Failure and Angina - Congestive Heart Failure-2025 (Switzerland)
- Sleep Disorders in Heart Failure and Angina - Congestive Heart Failure-2025 (Switzerland)
- Sports and Exercise Cardiology - GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2025 (France)
- Sports Cardiology - Annual Cardiology 2025 (Canada)
- Sports Cardiology & Exercise Medicine - Heart 2025 (Japan)
- Stem Cell Therapy for Myocardial Repair - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine - Molecular Cardiology 2025 (France)
- Structural Heart Disease in the Elderly - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Surgical Interventions in Heart Failure and Angina - Congestive Heart Failure-2025 (Switzerland)
- Tailored Interventional Strategies Based on Patient-Specific Factors - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Tailoring Treatments to Age and Frailty - GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2025 (France)
- Targeting Inflammation in Atherosclerosis - HEART CONGRESS 2025 (Germany)
- Telecardiology and Remote Monitoring - Molecular Cardiology 2025 (France)
- The Future of Cardiovascular Drug Delivery Systems - Euro Cardiology Congress 2025 (Italy)
- The Future of Cardiovascular Drug Delivery Systems - CVDT 2025 (France)
- The Future of Cardiovascular Research: From Innovation to Implementation - Cardiology-2025 (France)
- The Gut-Heart Axis - HEART CONGRESS 2025 (Germany)
- The Gut-Heart Connection - World Heart Congress 2025 (UAE)
- The Impact of Artificial Sweeteners on Cardiovascular Health - HEART CONGRESS 2025 (Germany)
- The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Cardiovascular Health - Euro Cardiology Congress 2025 (Italy)
- The Role of Artificial Hearts and Mechanical Circulatory Support - World Heart Congress 2025 (UAE)
- The Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases - Euro Cardiology Congress 2025 (Italy)
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis in Cardiovascular Disease - Molecular Cardiology 2025 (France)
- Tissue Engineering for Cardiac Regeneration - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) Advancements - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Transcatheter Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Therapies - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair and Replacement - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- usative Factors & Risk Assessment - Hypertension 2025 (Italy)
- Valvular Heart Disease - GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2025 (France)
- Valvular Heart Diseases - Hypertension 2025 (Italy)
- Vascular Biology - Clinical Cardiology 2025 (Canada)
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension - World Heart 2025 (Canada)
- Vascular Medicine and Hypertension - Euro Cardiology 2025 (Germany)
- Wearable Devices and Remote Monitoring - Interventional Cardiology 2025 (UK)
- Wearable Technology - HEART CONGRESS 2025 (Germany)
- Wearable Technology and Remote Monitoring - World Heart Congress 2025 (UAE)
- Women and Cardiac Arrhythmia - Annual Cardiology 2025 (Canada)
- Women and Heart Disease - CARDIAC SURGERY 2025 (Austria)
- Women and Heart Disease - HEART CONGRESS 2025 (Germany)
- Women Heart Health - Annual Cardiology 2025 (Canada)
- Women’s Cardiology - WORLD CARDIOLOGY 2025 (Italy)
- Women’s Cardiovascular Health - Molecular Cardiology 2025 (France)
- Women’s Cardiovascular Health - CVDT 2025 (France)
- Women’s Cardiovascular Health - World Heart 2025 (Canada)
- Women’s Heart Health - Heart 2025 (Japan)