World Heart and Brain Congress April 19-20, 2019 Chicago, USA

The cardiovascular or circulatory system supplies the body with blood. It consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. Cardiovascular disease refers to a class of diseases that involve the blood vessels, the heart, or both. There are several types of cardiovascular disease, but treatment, symptoms, and prevention often overlap. It includes coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions. CVD also called as heart disease.

Four out of five CVD dying are due to heart problems and strokes. People in danger of CVD may show raised circulatory strain, glucose, and lipids and also overweight and heftiness. These would all be able to be effortlessly estimated in essential care offices. Distinguishing those at most astounding danger of CVDs and guaranteeing they get suitable treatment can avoid unexpected losses. Access to essential NCD medicines and basic health technologies in all primary health care facilities is essential to ensure that those in need receive treatment and counseling.

Heart Failure is generally referred as Congestive heart failure (CHF). Heart Failure occurs when heart is unable to pump the blood which results lack of blood flow to meet the body’s need. The conditions which leads to heart failure are Narrowed arteries in heart, High blood pressure, Weakens the heart, Makes it stiff to fill and pump efficiently.

Cardiac arrest is the point at which your heart all of a sudden quits pumping blood round your body, usually in light of an issue with electrical signals in your heart. Indications of a cardiac arrest are there are generally no side effects previously a heart failure and, without prompt treatment, it will be incurable, Unconsciousness, won't give responsive, won't breath

Pediatric cardiologist is a pediatrician who has gotten extensive training in diagnosing and treating babies cardiovascular issues. Assessment and treatment may start with the fetus since heart issues would now be able to be recognized before birth.

Geriatric cardiology aims to be an intersection between cardiology and geriatrics. Its main objective is to improve cardiac care for elderly patients. The Geriatric Cardiology Program was built up keeping in mind the end goal to address the necessities of older people with cardiovascular sickness. older individuals who have coronary illness, for the most part those over age 70, regularly have other medical sicknesses too, which makes treatment all the more difficult.

Cardiovascular Nursing is a nursing strength that arrangements with the patients who are experiencing different states of the circulatory system. Cardiovascular nurses help to medicate conditions for example, unstable angina, congestive heart disease, coronary artery failure, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infraction and heart dysrhythmia under the direction of a cardiologist.  Cardiac nurses perform postoperative care on a surgical unit, cardiac monitoring, stress test evaluations, vascular monitoring, and health assessments. Cardiovascular nurses work in a wide range of situations, including coronary care units (CCU), heart catheterization, operating theaters, intensive care units (ICU), cardiovascular restoration focuses, cardiovascular medical procedure wards, clinical research, cardiovascular intensive care units (CVICU), and cardiac medical wards.

• Cardiovascular nursing
• Cardiac assessment nursing
• Cardiac surgery nursing
• Telemetry care
• Electrophysiology
• Stress test evaluations
• Pediatric cardiac nursing
• Hemodynamic Monitoring
• Monitoring cardiac and vascular readings
• Intensive hemodialysis
• Caring for Heart Transplant Patients

First, an aspiring cardiologist must have a bachelor's degree in order to get into medical school. The most logical pre-med bachelor degrees include courses in chemistry, mathematics, engineering or psychology. Then one must gain a passing score on the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test).

The four years in medical school covers standard medical terminology, medical judgment and clinical standard procedures. Potential cardiologists who complete the ten years of educational preparation must then pass a certification exam administered by the American Board of Internal Medicine.

After medical school, students attend six to eight more years of general internal medicine training and specialized cardiology training through a residency. The course topics covered in a cardiology training program include catheterization, patient prep, vascular access, hemodynamic studies, coronary anatomy, coronary angiography, radiographic imaging, fluoroscopy, congenital heart disease and circulatory support.

The length and type of schooling varies depending on which field of cardiology students enter; for example, students pursuing a pediatric cardiologist career must first focus on pediatric training, followed by three or more years in cardiology training. On the other hand, cardiac surgeons take about five years of training in general surgery before they begin what is called a 'cardio-thoracic' program. At least a decade of college, medical school and residency training is required to become a cardiologist. Jobs for physicians and surgeons of all types are expected by grow by 14% from 2014 to 2024, and the median pay for cardiologists is in excess of $240,000.

Cardio-oncology is also called as the cardiovascular oncology it is a field of medicine. Cardio-oncology is the discipline that concentrates on the intersection of heart diseases and cancer. This field is growing at a faster rate because the survivors after cancer therapies are more prone to develop cardiovascular disease. The increase in cancer disease in the world has led to the emergence of numerous chemotherapeutic agents which are under preclinical or clinical studies. These agents are potent to cause damage to the heart (carddiotoxicity).

Cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapy might be decreased by the concurrent use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers or beta-blockers. The use of diagnostic imaging, noninvasive stress testing, serum biomarkers, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and ambulatory cardiac telemetry can help to identify cardiotoxicities and lead to the development of preventative strategies.

• Cardiotoxic therapy
• Cardiotoxicity
• Cardiac tumors
• Cancer and blood clots
• Cancer and blood vessels
• Cancer and heart failure
• Cardiac biomarkers

Cardio-oncology involves three main areas of focus: identify high-risk cancer patients, prevent damage to the heart and monitor patient progress. Before cancer treatment begins, oncologists consult with a cancer patient’s primary care physician and/or cardiologist to identify chronic conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes that increase the patient’s risk for cardiovascular issues.

Treatment

If you have heart damage due to certain types of cancer drugs, or radiation treatment to the chest, we develop a specialized plan for you. Side by side with your oncologists, our cardiologists discuss your heart function and possible treatments, including other types of medication that may help and not interfere with your cancer treatment. We may also discuss other alternatives to your cancer treatment, including the use of drugs that may not affect your heart. As an academic medical center, we are training tomorrow’s leaders in this field. The top experts in cardiology and oncology are doing cutting-edge cardio-oncology research, to build better ways to evaluate, protect and treat cancer patients who are at risk for cardiac conditions.

Clinical trials are tests done in clinical research. Such up and coming biomedical or social research considers on human individuals are proposed to answer specific request concerning biomedical or conduct intercessions, including new medicines, (for instance, novel vaccinations, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and helpful devices) and known mediations that warrant also study and relationship. Clinical preliminaries deliver data on security and practicality.

Case report is a method for conveying something new that has been learnt from clinical practice. It could be around a surprising or beforehand obscure condition, an uncommon presentation or difficulty of a known illness, or even another way to deal with dealing with a typical condition. A case report gives the point by point report of indications, signs, conclusion, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient Furthermore, case reports can fill in as an early advised signal for the opposing effects of new medications, or the introductions of new and rising sicknesses.

Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia):

At the point when the heart's electrical structure is defective, the regular beat of the heart can be influenced. Contingent on the variation from the norm, the heart may start to pulsate too quick, too moderate, unpredictably, or not under any condition. Heart rhythm disorders are regularly treated as cardiovascular arrhythmias

Cardiac Devices:

Numerous cardiovascular devices are intended to help control unpredictable heartbeats in individuals with heart rhythm issue. These inconsistencies are caused by issues with the heart's electrical system, which signals the heart to contract and pump blood all through the body

An implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)  is an electronic device that is set inside the body. An ICD continually monitors your heart beat and sends a little shock to the heart muscle if the beat becomes anomalous (arrhythmia). An ICD can help decrease your danger of sudden cardiac failure (SCA)

A ventricular assist device (VAD)  is a direct connected to your heart to enable the weakened ventricle to pump blood all through the body. A VAD might be utilized as a part of patients as a "bridge to heart transplant," which implies the device is set up until the point when you can have a heart transplant.

A CRT Device is a clinically evidence treatment method for a people with heart failure. This may enhance the heart's capacity to pump blood and oxygen to your body

Hypertension

Hypertension moreover called as high vital sign or blood vessel. It is a long-term medical condition also known as High Blood Pressure in which the blood pressure in the arteries is constantly elevated. It usually does not cause symptoms but long-term high blood pressure may become a major risk factor for stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, vision loss, and dementia.

• Primary Hypertension
• Secondary Hypertension
• Hypertensive Crisis
• Resistance Hypertension
• Neurogenic Hypertension
• Hypertension in Adolescent Children and Pre – Adolescents
• Hypertension rheumatoid arthritis

The way toward keeping up blood pressure is complex, and includes various physiological instruments, including blood vessel baroreceptors, the renin– angiotensin– aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic peptide, endothelia's, and mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid steroids.

Pathophysiology

Expectedly, the term asphyxia has been connected to all conditions in which oxygen supply to blood and tissue has been lessened obviously underneath the typical working level by any obstruction with respiration.

In death from asphyxia, typically it falls underneath the base vital for duration of life. Serious deprivation of oxygen for 5 to 10 minutes can bring about lasting harm to CNS and cardiovascular system bringing about death. It is fascinating to take note of that in a healthy adult body, regularly blood that is circling has around 1 liter of oxygen held in combine. Any interference with this results in asphyxia, which in turn triggers the consequences. This renders the pathophysiology of asphyxia.

Neurology goes under a branch of prescription that concern with the life structures, capacities and natural issue of the Nervous System or some other Nerve. Neurology deals with diagnosis and treatment of all the diseases involving the central and peripheral nervous system.

Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary branch involving the methodical study of Nervous system. Notwithstanding, considering the present advances in this field it had been re-imagined as Associate as an interdisciplinary learning space data that teams up with the fields of medications, hereditary qualities, psychiatry, chemistry, technology, engineering, and allied disciplines of science. Neuroscientists investigate each part of nervous system and their working to create drugs for treating neurological disorders.

Neurological disorders:

Diseases that are affected in brain, spine and the nerves that connect them are called neurological disorder. Treatments like brain mapping are used. Neurological diseases are caused by infections, genetic disorders and lifestyle also by the small change in the neuron’s structural pathway. Peripheral neuropathy, spinal Cord Disorders, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Epilepsy, Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, migraines, clinical trials in neuromuscular disorders are some of the classification of neurological diseases

Neurogenetics is the branch of science which combines Genetics and Neurology. It is the study of the development and function of the Nervous system as well as the role played by genes in its development. A wide range of disorders and diseases can be determined by Neurogenetics

Stroke happens when the supply of blood to the cerebrum is either restricted or lessen. At the point when this happens, the mind does not get enough oxygen or supplements, which causes cerebrum cells to die. Epidemiology is the research and survey of the spread (who, when, and where) and determinants of wellbeing and ailment conditions in characterized populaces. Some stroke risk factors can’t be controlled. These include gender, age and family history. Although, numerous stroke hazard factors are way of life related. Everybody can diminish their danger of having a stroke by rolling out a couple of straightforward way of life improvements. The objective for the intense care of patients with stroke is to settle the patient and to finish starting assessment and evaluation, including imaging and lab research, enclosed by hour. The most ideal approach to obstruct a stroke is to address the basic causes. This is best done by living healthfully, which means eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, Exercise regularly, Avoiding alcohol or drink moderately.

Prevention

Essential avoidance of stroke involves change of habits and measures to control cholesterol levels, diabetes mellitus, pulse and atrial fibrillation. Beneficial effect of Carotid endarterectomy, neural stem cell therapy, Transient ischemic attack, Symptoms of Stroke, High blood pressure and stroke, Carotid artery stenosis

The research studies suggest that higher cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and treatment with statins may reduce the risk of fatal and nonfatal stroke. Even though highest proof connecting more tightly glucose control with stroke diminishment is deficient with regards to great glucose control and forceful treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus preventive medications for Stroke includes Anti-platelet drugs, Anticoagulants, Aspirin, Lipid-lowering drugs etc. Secondary stroke prevention is focused on this high risk population in order to prevent or delay future disease events, achieve functional and clinical improvement, promote wellness and enhance quality of life.

Neuroscience nursing deals with the assessment of various Neurological Diseases. Neuroscience nurses care for people with a variety of neurological conditions and disorders across the lifespan and in all health care settings. There are many specialties encompassed within this field of practice including the following:

• Neurosurgery
• Neurotrauma e.g. brain and spinal cord injury
• Neuroscience critical/intensive care
• Long-term neurological conditions, e.g. stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy
• Life-limiting neurological conditions, e.g. motor neurone disease, Huntingdon’s disease.

Nursing Education & Research

Nursing Education is a practical and theoretical training to the nurses and prepares them for their professional duties. The training and education is taught by experienced nurses and medical professional who are qualified in the respective fields. The courses scale from general nursing to emotional well-being nursing, pediatric nursing, post-operatory nursing, and some more. Different Universities offer Bachelor's, Master's, Doctorates and Diploma courses in Nursing. The point of nursing education is an improvement of the nursing occupation. Most countries offer nursing courses that can be outstanding to general nursing or to specific domains including psychological wellness nursing, pediatric nursing and post-operatory nursing. Nursing research creates information about wellbeing and the advancement of wellbeing over the full life expectancy, care of people with medical issues and disabilities, and nursing activities to improve the health

Neuropsychiatry is the union of Psychiatry and Neurology that deals with mental disorders, which much of the time can be appeared to have their inception from an identifiable mind malfunction.

Therapists have made a case for ailments of the brain. Major Neuropsychiatric Conditions are: Addictions, Childhood and advancement, Eating issue, Degenerative illness, Mood disorders, Neurotic issue, Psychosis  & Sleep disorders, Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome, Bipolar Disorder in Primary Care, Mood disorders during the per partum period, Psychological Aspects of Medical Illness, Childhood and adolescent psychiatry

Neurosurgery or neurological is surgery also called as brain surgery. It is the surgical specialization that treats brain and spinal cord and also for to treat injury, disorders of brain and spinal column. Neurosurgery is for both adult and pediatric. Endo vascular neurosurgery, epilepsy surgery, peripheral nerve surgery and pediatric neurosurgery are the main divisions of neurosurgery. Back pain can inconsistently make neurological signs, for instance, deadness, muscle weakness, and loss of gut and bladder control due to brokenness at the nerve root.

These reactions are markers that neurosurgery is required to treat the concealed explanation for back torment as opposed to traditionalist medicines. Strategies to treat back torment under the domain of neurosurgery incorporate discectomy, laminectomy, and spinal fusion surgery. Magneto encephalography, stereotactic radiosurgery are the some of the methods used for neurosurgery

Neuropathology is the investigation of sickness of nervous system tissue, generally as either little careful biopsies or entire body examinations. Neuropathologists work in a division of anatomic pathology, yet work intimately with the clinical orders of neurology, and neurosurgery, which frequently rely upon neuropathology for a diagnosis. Neuropathology also relates to forensic pathology because brain disease or brain injury can be related to cause of death.

Neuro oncology:

Neuro oncology is related to the study of cancers in the brain and the spinal cord. The greater parts of the neuro-oncological illnesses are unsafe and hazardous and some of them may even dis inside a couple of months. In some cases, survival is extended using chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Some of the diagnostic procedures used are diagnostic imaging on the brain and the spinal cord, Lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis and pathogenic diagnosis. Commonly used treatments are radiotherapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroids and neurosurgical interventions.

Brain Tumour:

Brain Tumour occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. The symptoms of Brain stem tumors vary greatly and can include Ataxia, Cranial Nerve Palsy, headaches, problems with speech and swallowing, hearing loss, weakness, Hemiparesis, vision abnormalities, ptosis, and behavioral changes. Another possible symptom is vomiting. Any cerebrum tumor is naturally serious and life-threatening because of its invasive and infiltrative character in the constrained space of the Intracranial Cavity. There are two main types of tumours: malignant or cancerous tumors and benign tumors.

Central Nervous System (CNS) is the processing center for the nervous system. It receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system. Brain and the spinal cord are the core part of CNS.  The brain processes and interprets data sent from the medulla spinals. Both the mind and spinal cord is shield by a three-layered covering of connective tissue called the meninges.

Central Nervous system disorders may occur on their own or due to disorders that damage autonomic nerves. CNS disorder can be either myelopathy or encephalopathy. CNS disorders can affect either the brain or the spinal cord which results in psychiatric disorders or neurological disorders. The causes of CNS diseases are neurology, trauma, autoimmune disorders, infections, structural defects, degeneration and tumors.

The term Biomarker can be characterized as a quantifiable marker of some organic state or condition. A biomarker can likewise be known as an organic biomarker. Meetings revolve around the advancement of CNS biomarkers for pharmaceuticals and diagnostics from Cerebrospinal fluid and Blood, and in addition imaging approaches. Logical information, updates and contextual analyses in neurological and neurodegenerative illnesses will be introduced on sickness regions, for example, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

• Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers
• Neuroimaging enrichment biomarkers for CNS diseases
• Biomarker Challenges in Rare Diseases
• Technology case studies for CNS
• CNS drug development using biomarkers

Advances in multimodality fusion imaging technologies promise to accelerate the understanding of the systems biology of disease and help in the development of new therapeutics. The use of molecular imaging biomarkers has been proven to shorten cycle times for central nervous system (CNS) drug development and thereby increase the efficiency and return on investment from research. Imaging biomarkers can be utilized to help choose the molecules, doses, and patients well on the way to test remedial speculations by ceasing those that have minimal possibility of achievement and accelerating those with potential to achieve beneficial clinical outcomes. CNS imaging biomarkers have the potential to drive new medical care practices for patients in the latent phases of progressive neurodegenerative disorders by enabling the detection, preventative treatment, and tracking of disease in a paradigm shift from today's approaches that have to see the overt symptoms of disease before treating it.